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peer to peer network operating system

Peer-to-peer - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
A peer-to-peer network is designed around the notion of equal peer nodes simultaneously functioning as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the ...
Advantages and disadvantages of peer to peer network - IT ...
www.itrelease.com
Peer to Peer (P2P) network is a type of network in which two or more computers connect without any centralized server. Each computer in P2P ...
Peer to peer networks and client server networks - omnisecu ...
www.omnisecu.com
A peer to peer network has no dedicated servers. In a peer to peer network, a number of workstations (or clients) are connected together for sharing devices, ...
Peer to Peer Networks - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
www.sciencedirect.com
In a peer-to-peer network, computers on the network are equal, with each workstation providing access to resources and data.
Peer-to-Peer versus a Client-Server - DEW Associates ...
www.dewassoc.com
A Network Operating System, or "NOS", is installed on each computer requiring network access. The NOS monitors, and at times controls, the exchange and flow of ...
What type of operating system is required in a peer to peer ...
ostoday.org
There are two basic types of network operating systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server ...
network operating system (NOS) - TechTarget
www.techtarget.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share network resources saved in a common, accessible network location. · Client/server network operating ...
What are P2P (peer-to-peer) networks and what are they used ...
www.digitalcitizen.life
Many Linux operating systems are distributed via BitTorrent downloads using P2P transfers. Such examples are Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Manjaro. In ...
What are Peer-to-Peer networks and Server-Based networks?
afteracademy.com
Peer-to-Peer networks can be deployed very easily with most modern Operating Systems such as Windows and Mac O.S., etc.
Peer to Peer Computing - Tutorialspoint
www.tutorialspoint.com
Most modern operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS contain software to implement peer to peer networks.
What Is a Peer-to-Peer Network? | Indeed.com
www.indeed.com
A peer-to-peer network is an IT infrastructure in which two or more computer systems connect in order to share resources.
Peer to Peer (P2P) Network? Architecture, Types, and Examples
digitalthinkerhelp.com
Limewire – Limewire had used for peer to peer file sharing in free of cost for different types of operating systems like as Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris.
Peer to Peer Architecture
student.cs.uwaterloo.ca
A peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture consists of a decentralized network of peers - ... That also means there is no need for a network operating system, ...
Chapter 9 Network Operating Systems Peer-to-Peer NOSes
cis.msjc.edu
Two categories of Network Operating. Systems: 1. Peer-to-Peer. 2. Client/Server. Peer-to-Peer NOSes. ▫. No specialized server operating system.
5. Peer-to-Peer Network: advantages and disadvantages
www.teach-ict.com
Advantages, Disadvantages. No need for a network operating system, Because each computer might be being accessed by others it can slow down the performance ...
Peer to Peer or Server Based Networking - 2177 Words
www.123helpme.com
Since, a peer-to-peer network is only preferable on networks operating on at least five to ten ... 4) There is no need for full-time System Administrator.
Peer-to-peer network - Encyclopedia
encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com
Find out information about peer-to-peer network. ... DOS-based shared-processor system (see the sidebar titled "A Gaggle of Operating Systems," below), ...
ClientServer Versus Peer Networks - Flylib.com
flylib.com
Older operating systems, such as Windows 3.x and DOS, require add-on network client software to join a network. Peer-to-Peer Network. By contrast, on a ...
Network Operating System - javatpoint
www.javatpoint.com
A Peer to Peer Network Operating System allows two or more computers to share their resources, along with printers, scanners, CD-ROM, etc., to be accessible ...
Peer-to-Peer Networks - Computer Networking
computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other ...
Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P) - Network Encyclopedia
networkencyclopedia.com
In a Peer-To-Peer Network, the “peers” are computer systems that are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems ...
Peer-To-Peer Network Operating System by Robyn McKenzie
issuu.com
A peer-to-peer operating system allows individual users to define, which drives can be shared.
20 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Peer-to-Peer Network
vittana.org
Then you can connect each system to the Internet or to cloud-based systems as needed to manage the network. Without the need for an operating ...
List of Types of Network Operating Systems | Techwalla
www.techwalla.com
Network operating systems are used to connect multiple computers over a single network. Peer-to-peer systems have a low security threshold ...
Peer to Peer Networks in System Design - EnjoyAlgorithms
www.enjoyalgorithms.com
A peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture consists of a decentralized network of peers, which are nodes that can act as both clients and servers.
Network Control: Peer-to-Peer Networks Versus Client/Server
www.informit.com
If the peer-to-peer network is like a democracy, the server in a client/server network is ... Can operate on a basic PC operating system.
Best Peer To Peer Networks - Tech Advisor
www.techadvisor.com
Peer-to-peer networks provide a secure way to share small and large files. ... It supports the operating systems Windows, macOS and Linux.
From Napster to now: All about peer-to-peer (P2P) technology
techgenix.com
Need for a network operating system and technical staff to monitor it. Given these limitations, peer-to-peer technology was seen as a more ...
Comparison of "peer-to-peer" vs "client-server" Network Models
www.networkstraining.com
A P2P (peer to peer) network is a decentralized collection of computers that has been ... The network does not need a unique operating system to function.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer to Peer Network - The ...
www.thecrazyprogrammer.com
Here the user does not require to own any networking operating system such as windows server OS. Moreover, any OS can be used to network among the computers, ...
P2P (Peer To Peer) Definition - TechTerms
techterms.com
Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are connected to each other via the Internet.
Network Operating Systems (NOS) Essay - 827 Words | Bartleby
www.bartleby.com
Most all of the current desktop operating systems are capable of functioning as peer to peer network operating systems. The second type of NOS serves a ...
What is P2P Network Sharing? | Webroot
www.webroot.com
In peer-to-peer (P2P) connections, a group of computers are linked together ... Unlike traditional client-server networking, no devices in a P2P network are ...
client/server network Flashcards | Quizlet
quizlet.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems. allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other ...
PeertoPeer vs ClientServer Network Operating Systems ...
slidetodoc.com
Peer-to-Peer vs. Client/Server Network Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Najla Al-Nabhan 2015 1.
Learn more about Peer to Peer Network - Great Learning
www.mygreatlearning.com
A peer-to-peer network is a computing technology in which two or ... A P2P network can be easily set up with the help of operating systems ...
A peer to peer network. - Toppr
www.toppr.com
A peer to peer network Requires no special operating system other than Windows 95 or 98. Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are ...
Models of Networking - Computing - TechnologyUK
www.technologyuk.net
In a peer-to-peer network, all computers have equal ... with a network interface card, and have an operating system (e.g. ...
What is P2P(Peer-to-peer process) ? - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org
A peer to peer network is a simple network of computers. It first came into existence in the late 1970s. Here each computer acts as a node ...
The Difference Between Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server ...
itstillworks.com
A peer-to-peer network – not to be confused with peer-to-peer file sharing through torrents and the like – is one in which there is no central server.
An Overview Evolution of Distributed Computing Models
www.cs.ubc.ca
Peer-to-Peer Networking: An Overview. Outline. ❍ Definition. ❍ Overlay networks. ❍ Goals. ❍ P2P Applications. ❍ Classification of P2P systems.
Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks Assignment Help
www.expertsmind.com
A peer-to-peer network operating system runs on the computers of individual users. The users can share files and resources on their computers and access the ...
7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer to Peer Network
www.hitechwhizz.com
Peer to Peer networking lacks the feature of centralization. There is no central server, thus files are stored on individual machines. The ...
Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet
www.oreilly.com
Many network providers, having set up their systems with the idea that users would spend most of their time downloading data from central servers, have economic ...
Peer-to-peer - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
A peer-to-peer network is designed around the notion of equal peer nodes simultaneously functioning as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the ...
Advantages and disadvantages of peer to peer network - IT ...
www.itrelease.com
Peer to Peer (P2P) network is a type of network in which two or more computers connect without any centralized server. Each computer in P2P ...
Peer to peer networks and client server networks - omnisecu ...
www.omnisecu.com
A peer to peer network has no dedicated servers. In a peer to peer network, a number of workstations (or clients) are connected together for sharing devices, ...
Peer to Peer Networks - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
www.sciencedirect.com
In a peer-to-peer network, computers on the network are equal, with each workstation providing access to resources and data.
Peer-to-Peer versus a Client-Server - DEW Associates ...
www.dewassoc.com
A Network Operating System, or "NOS", is installed on each computer requiring network access. The NOS monitors, and at times controls, the exchange and flow of ...
What type of operating system is required in a peer to peer ...
ostoday.org
There are two basic types of network operating systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server ...
network operating system (NOS) - TechTarget
www.techtarget.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share network resources saved in a common, accessible network location. · Client/server network operating ...
What are P2P (peer-to-peer) networks and what are they used ...
www.digitalcitizen.life
Many Linux operating systems are distributed via BitTorrent downloads using P2P transfers. Such examples are Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Manjaro. In ...
What are Peer-to-Peer networks and Server-Based networks?
afteracademy.com
Peer-to-Peer networks can be deployed very easily with most modern Operating Systems such as Windows and Mac O.S., etc.
Peer to Peer Computing - Tutorialspoint
www.tutorialspoint.com
Most modern operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS contain software to implement peer to peer networks.
What Is a Peer-to-Peer Network? | Indeed.com
www.indeed.com
A peer-to-peer network is an IT infrastructure in which two or more computer systems connect in order to share resources.
Peer to Peer (P2P) Network? Architecture, Types, and Examples
digitalthinkerhelp.com
Limewire – Limewire had used for peer to peer file sharing in free of cost for different types of operating systems like as Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris.
Peer to Peer Architecture
student.cs.uwaterloo.ca
A peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture consists of a decentralized network of peers - ... That also means there is no need for a network operating system, ...
Chapter 9 Network Operating Systems Peer-to-Peer NOSes
cis.msjc.edu
Two categories of Network Operating. Systems: 1. Peer-to-Peer. 2. Client/Server. Peer-to-Peer NOSes. ▫. No specialized server operating system.
5. Peer-to-Peer Network: advantages and disadvantages
www.teach-ict.com
Advantages, Disadvantages. No need for a network operating system, Because each computer might be being accessed by others it can slow down the performance ...
Peer to Peer or Server Based Networking - 2177 Words
www.123helpme.com
Since, a peer-to-peer network is only preferable on networks operating on at least five to ten ... 4) There is no need for full-time System Administrator.
Peer-to-peer network - Encyclopedia
encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com
Find out information about peer-to-peer network. ... DOS-based shared-processor system (see the sidebar titled "A Gaggle of Operating Systems," below), ...
ClientServer Versus Peer Networks - Flylib.com
flylib.com
Older operating systems, such as Windows 3.x and DOS, require add-on network client software to join a network. Peer-to-Peer Network. By contrast, on a ...
Network Operating System - javatpoint
www.javatpoint.com
A Peer to Peer Network Operating System allows two or more computers to share their resources, along with printers, scanners, CD-ROM, etc., to be accessible ...
Peer-to-Peer Networks - Computer Networking
computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other ...
Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P) - Network Encyclopedia
networkencyclopedia.com
In a Peer-To-Peer Network, the “peers” are computer systems that are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems ...
Peer-To-Peer Network Operating System by Robyn McKenzie
issuu.com
A peer-to-peer operating system allows individual users to define, which drives can be shared.
20 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Peer-to-Peer Network
vittana.org
Then you can connect each system to the Internet or to cloud-based systems as needed to manage the network. Without the need for an operating ...
List of Types of Network Operating Systems | Techwalla
www.techwalla.com
Network operating systems are used to connect multiple computers over a single network. Peer-to-peer systems have a low security threshold ...
Peer to Peer Networks in System Design - EnjoyAlgorithms
www.enjoyalgorithms.com
A peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture consists of a decentralized network of peers, which are nodes that can act as both clients and servers.
Network Control: Peer-to-Peer Networks Versus Client/Server
www.informit.com
If the peer-to-peer network is like a democracy, the server in a client/server network is ... Can operate on a basic PC operating system.
Best Peer To Peer Networks - Tech Advisor
www.techadvisor.com
Peer-to-peer networks provide a secure way to share small and large files. ... It supports the operating systems Windows, macOS and Linux.
From Napster to now: All about peer-to-peer (P2P) technology
techgenix.com
Need for a network operating system and technical staff to monitor it. Given these limitations, peer-to-peer technology was seen as a more ...
Comparison of "peer-to-peer" vs "client-server" Network Models
www.networkstraining.com
A P2P (peer to peer) network is a decentralized collection of computers that has been ... The network does not need a unique operating system to function.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer to Peer Network - The ...
www.thecrazyprogrammer.com
Here the user does not require to own any networking operating system such as windows server OS. Moreover, any OS can be used to network among the computers, ...
P2P (Peer To Peer) Definition - TechTerms
techterms.com
Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are connected to each other via the Internet.
Network Operating Systems (NOS) Essay - 827 Words | Bartleby
www.bartleby.com
Most all of the current desktop operating systems are capable of functioning as peer to peer network operating systems. The second type of NOS serves a ...
What is P2P Network Sharing? | Webroot
www.webroot.com
In peer-to-peer (P2P) connections, a group of computers are linked together ... Unlike traditional client-server networking, no devices in a P2P network are ...
client/server network Flashcards | Quizlet
quizlet.com
Peer-to-peer network operating systems. allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other ...
PeertoPeer vs ClientServer Network Operating Systems ...
slidetodoc.com
Peer-to-Peer vs. Client/Server Network Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Najla Al-Nabhan 2015 1.
Learn more about Peer to Peer Network - Great Learning
www.mygreatlearning.com
A peer-to-peer network is a computing technology in which two or ... A P2P network can be easily set up with the help of operating systems ...
A peer to peer network. - Toppr
www.toppr.com
A peer to peer network Requires no special operating system other than Windows 95 or 98. Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are ...
Models of Networking - Computing - TechnologyUK
www.technologyuk.net
In a peer-to-peer network, all computers have equal ... with a network interface card, and have an operating system (e.g. ...
What is P2P(Peer-to-peer process) ? - GeeksforGeeks
www.geeksforgeeks.org
A peer to peer network is a simple network of computers. It first came into existence in the late 1970s. Here each computer acts as a node ...
The Difference Between Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server ...
itstillworks.com
A peer-to-peer network – not to be confused with peer-to-peer file sharing through torrents and the like – is one in which there is no central server.
An Overview Evolution of Distributed Computing Models
www.cs.ubc.ca
Peer-to-Peer Networking: An Overview. Outline. ❍ Definition. ❍ Overlay networks. ❍ Goals. ❍ P2P Applications. ❍ Classification of P2P systems.
Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks Assignment Help
www.expertsmind.com
A peer-to-peer network operating system runs on the computers of individual users. The users can share files and resources on their computers and access the ...
7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Peer to Peer Network
www.hitechwhizz.com
Peer to Peer networking lacks the feature of centralization. There is no central server, thus files are stored on individual machines. The ...
Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet
www.oreilly.com
Many network providers, having set up their systems with the idea that users would spend most of their time downloading data from central servers, have economic ...
Difference between Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer Network
www.geeksforgeeks.org
Peer-to-Peer Network: This model does not differentiate the clients and the servers, In this each and every node is itself client and server ...
Difference Between Peer to Peer and Client Server Network
pediaa.com
Peer to peer and client server are two network types. In a client server network, multiple clients connect to a server. The clients require ...
Difference Between Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer Network
techdifferences.com
The main difference between the Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer network model is that in Client-Server model, the data management is centralised whereas, ...
Difference Between Peer to Peer And Client Server Network in ...
www.jigsawacademy.com
The client server networks work on sharing of information while the peer to peer networks focuses on connectivity. Centralized servers get used to store data in ...
Client–server & peer-to-peer - Isaac Computer Science
isaaccomputerscience.org
Client–server networking involves a central, powerful computer called a server, and a number of client computers that need to connect to the server to carry ...
What are P2P and Client-Server networks? - Educative.io
www.educative.io
Both peer-to-peer and client-server networks connect computers so that they can share resources from one computer to others such as files, videos, and pictures.
Peer to peer networks and client server networks - omnisecu ...
www.omnisecu.com
A peer to peer network has no dedicated servers. In a peer to peer network, a number of workstations (or clients) are connected together for sharing devices, ...
Peer-to-peer - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
In a centralized network, a simple loss of connection between the server and clients is enough to cause a failure, but in P2P networks, ...
Difference Between Peer-to-Peer Network and Client Server ...
intellipaat.com
In both networks, a path is used for the transmission of data or information. However, one of the significant differences between peer-to-peer ...
Peer-to-Peer versus a Client-Server - DEW Associates ...
www.dewassoc.com
Unlike client-server networks, where network information is stored on a centralized file server computer and then made available to large groups of workstation ...
Network hardware - GCSE Computer Science Revision - BBC
www.bbc.co.uk
In the client-server model, many users trying to access a large file, such as a film, would put strain on one server. In the peer-to-peer model, many users on ...
What is P2P Network Sharing? | Webroot
www.webroot.com
Unlike traditional client-server networking, no devices in a P2P network are designated solely to serve or to receive data. Each connected machine has the ...
Network Basics: Dedicated Servers and Peers - dummies
www.dummies.com
There are two basic types of networks: client/server and peer to peer. The relationships, whether dedicated servers or peer relationships amongst the ...
Selecting the Network Type: Client/Server or Peer to Peer
sourcedaddy.com
We then take a look a peer-to-peer networking. Client/Server Networking. Client/server networking entails two basic operations that are provided by a ...
The Client-Server vs. the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking ...
www.shells.com
First of all, the client-server model is centralized. Servers are typically stored in large data centers in central locations equidistant from ...
10 Difference Between Client-server And Peer-To-Peer Network
vivadifferences.com
A peer-to-peer network is a group of computers or computer systems which are connected to each other through internet. Files can be shared directly between ...
Peer to peer architecture
cs.uwaterloo.ca
Scalability. ○ Without the requirement for a powerful central server, P2P network is more scalable than traditional server-client architecture. Since each ...
Network Control: Peer-to-Peer Networks Versus Client/Server
www.informit.com
In the world of local area networks, there are basically two choices of network control, or network types: peer-to-peer and client/server.
Peer-to-Peer Networks - Computer Science GCSE GURU
www.computerscience.gcse.guru
Peer-to-peer networks are computer networks that do not have a central server controlling the network. Each computer is called a peer, and these peers are ...
Network Operating System
fcit.usf.edu
The network operating system software used in computer networks is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of Peer-to-peer and client/server ...
Peer to Peer Networks - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
www.sciencedirect.com
A peer-to-peer network is decentralized, because resources and administration are handled locally on each participating machine, while a client/server ...
Guide to Networking Part 4: Peer to Peer Networks - Computer ...
www.computercablestore.com
Home networks that utilize broadband routers are hybrid peer to peer and client-server environments. The job of the router is to provide a centralized Internet ...
ClientServer Versus Peer Networks - Flylib.com
flylib.com
Client/Server Versus Peer Networks. Although every computer on a LAN is connected to every other computer, they do not necessarily all communicate with each ...
What is peer-to-peer and client-server? - Quora
www.quora.com
A client server network is where you have a dedicated server that provides file storage, print services, or applications. A peer to peer is where there is no ...
What Is the Primary Difference Between Peer-to-Peer & Client ...
classroom.synonym.com
The primary difference between peer-to-peer and client-server networks is that peer-to-peer networks do not have a ...
An Overview Evolution of Distributed Computing Models
www.cs.ubc.ca
Peer-to-Peer Networking: An Overview ... Example: X11 server (run on the application client side) ... Network. Network Computer or PC. Compute Server.
Small Business Networking - Pronto Marketing
pronto-core-cdn.prontomarketing.com
Two Types of Networks: Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server. Peer-to-Peer networking ... In a peer-to-peer network, each computer is connected directly to.
What Is a Peer-to-Peer Network? | Indeed.com
www.indeed.com
High performance: While a client-server network performs less effectively when more clients join the network, a P2P network can improve its ...
Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Networks - Lifewire
www.lifewire.com
Peer-to-peer networking (also known as peer networking) differs from client-server networking, where specific devices have responsibility ...
P2P Peer to Peer Networks - A Practical Super Helpful Guide ...
www.scaleyourapp.com
This article is an in-depth write-up into peer to peer network. What is it? Why use it? How different is it in contrast to a traditional client-server ...
Difference Between Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer Network
www.ecstuff4u.com
... in peer to peer each peer has its own data. Client-server networks main focus on information sharing, while peer to peer model focuses on connectivity.
What are the advantages of peer to peer? - MVOrganizing
www.mvorganizing.org
3) P2P is more ...
Free Peer-To-Peer Networks Essays and Papers | 123 Help Me
www.123helpme.com
So, each computer that has a P2P network becomes a file server as well as a client. P2P network can be connected with a Universal Serial Bus to transfer ...
Peer-to-peer network Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
www.dictionary.com
A network of personal computers, each of which acts as both client and sever, so that each can exchange files and email directly with every other computer ...
Client-server and peer-to-peer network - Cambridge GCSE ...
www.cambridgegcsecomputing.org
What is meant by a client-server network? • How are the computers connected together so that they can communicate with each other? In a peer-to-peer network ...
Ch. 3: Peer-to-Peer networking - Calvin University
cs.calvin.edu
Thus, in a typical client-server scheme, a kind of dependency is created: ... In a peer-to-peer ("P2P") network, each computer (node) can function as either ...
Advantages and Disadvantages of a Peer-to-Peer Network
flevy.com
However, it tends to be more expensive than using a client-server architecture. Security concerns – Peer-to-peer networks, such as file-sharing ...
Networking -Client/Server and Peer to Peer - CLF Online ...
learn.clf.uk
File server – a computer with large capacity that holds all users files. Email server – handles email within and outside the local area network ...
peer to peer LANs and client/server LANs. Peer to - NZQA
www.nzqa.govt.nz
In peer to peer networks, every device can communicate within the network, as long as there is access. In this case, devices are both servers and clients, ...
Network Models Peer to Peer and Client and Server - Tutorial
www.vskills.in
PEER TO PEER NETWORKS ... When nodes or workstations perform the same communication functions, they are referred to as peers, in this network model, both server ...
What Is Peer to Peer Network | P2P | Mysterium Network
mysterium.network
P2P networks allows 2 devices to communicate directly, ... The internet that we know today is mostly made up of the client-server model.
End of Chapter Summary
wps.prenhall.com
In a client/server network, a separate device exercises control over the network. Data flows more efficiently in client/server networks than in peer-to-peer ...
Small Business Networking - Tenecom Solutions
www.tenecom.com
Two Types of Networks: Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server. Peer-to-Peer networking ... In a peer-to-peer network, each computer is connected directly to.